Machover´s "Draw A Person Test" (DAP) was administered by the author to assess -the body image in schizophrenia. The subjects of this study were 120 cases of chronic schizophrenics, including 48 cases of chronic paranoid type and 72 cases of chronic undifferentiated type, who were treated at National Mental Hospital in Seoul during the period from March 1977 till February 1979, And 86 cases of normal persons and 92 cases of neurotic patients of similar age distribution and educational background to those of schizophrenics were selected as control groups in the same period.
The author adopted, as the scoring system, the Otomo´s system of problem indicies and symbolic factor analysis.
The results obtained in this studs- were as follows;
1. In problem indicies of the DAP, the schizophrenics showed significantly higher scores than the normals and the neurotics, but there was no difference between the normals and the neurotics.
2. M and Sch factors in the schizophrenics were significantly higher than the normals and the neurotics, but S factor was significantly lower than the normals. In Ps factor the female schizophrenics showed significantly higher scores than the normals and the neurotics, but male schizophrenics showed significantly higher scores than the neurotics.
?. The nonparanoid schizophrenics showed significantly higher scores in problem indicies than the paranoid schizophrenics. And the paranoid schizophrenics showed significantly higher scores in B factor than the nonparanoid schizophrenics did. While the male nonparanoid schizophrenics showed significantly higher scores in M and Sch factors, the female nonparanoid schizophrenics showed significantly higher scores in C and N factors than the paranoid schizophrenics did.
4. Through "the analysis of formal characteristics on the DAP, the schizophrenics showed following variables in comparison with the control groups: They drew a human figure with legs missing or in vague lines, and drew internal or genital organs quite
often as well. When depicting clothings, they were drawn loose in attire or excessively detailed in delineation. Sizes of figure were rather large but depiction was quite simple and monotonous with faint and unbroken lines.
5. Through the analysis of structural features on the DAP, the schizophrenics showed following variables when compared with the control groups: They drew figures of disproportionately large heads, discontented or blank facial expression with lips missed. Eyes were drawn disproportionately small with eyeballs missed. Necks were drawn larger, arms missing or in indiscernible lines. It was quite often to note that arms were found to locate away from the normal bodily position.
6. When compared with those drawn by the nonparanoid schizophrenics, the paranoid schizophrenics drew eyes emphathetically and arms pressed closely to the body in bold lines.
7. Through the analysis of answers responded ´to the inquiries on the DAP, it was suspected that the normals and the neurotics drew figures of themselves, while the schizophrenics indicated someone elses who were not closely related to them in spite of they imagined to draw their own figures.
8. In conclusion of these results derived from the study, it was found that the schizophrenics seem to have the seriously distorted body images in comparison with the normals and the neurotics. It was suggested that the scoring system of the DAP with both qualitative and quantitative analysis should be introduced in evaluating the body image and the inquiries on the DAP shall also be considerably important in the evaluation of this test.
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